Lý thuyết liên từ và mệnh đề trong tiếng Anh

Liên từ và mệnh đề trong tiếng Anh là một phần kiến thức ngữ pháp quan trọng. Trong bài hôm này cô sẽ tổng hợp cho các em những kiến thức cơ bản nhất về phần này nhé!

1.Liên từ kết hợp (coordinating conjunctions )

*  Dùng loại liên từ này để nối những các từ loại hoặc cụm từ / nhóm từ cùng một loại, hoặc những mệnh đề ngang hàng nhau (tính từ  với tính từ, danh từ  với danh từ …) * Gồm có: for, and, nor, but, or, yet, as well as * Ví dụ:

She is a good and loyal wife.

That is a good but quite unnecessary article.

Use your credit cards frequently and you’ll soon find yourself deep in debt.

He is intelligent but very lazy.

She says she does not love me, yet I still love her. (Cô ấy nói cô ấy không yêu tôi, nhưng tôi vẫn yêu cô ấy.)

I learn English to make friends with foreigners and (to) get a good job.

We have to work hard, or we will fail the exam. (Chúng ta phải học hành chăm chỉ, nếu không thì chúng ta sẽ trượt kỳ thi đó.)

He will surely succeed, for (because) he works hard.

That is not what I meant to say, nor should you interpret my statement as an admission of guilt. Ulysses wants to play for UConn, but he has had trouble meeting the academic requirements.

2. Liên từ tương hỗ (correlative conjunctions)

* Gồm có: both . . . and…(vừa….vừa…), not only . . . but also… (không chỉ…mà  còn…), not . . . but, either . . . or (hoặc ..hoặc..), neither . . . nor (không….cũng không…), whether . . . or

(dù ….hay…., hoặc…..hoặc….) , as . . . as, no sooner…. than…(vừa mới….thì…), hardly … when * Ví dụ:

Both my brother and my friend like English.

She is both beautiful and intelligent.

They learn both English and French.

Either I or he is wrong. (Hoặc tôi hoặc anh ta sai.)

Neither I or he is wrong. (Tôi và anh ta đều không sai.) He drinks neither wine nor beer.

I like playing not only tennis but also football.

Not only my brothers but also my friend likes English.

I don’t have either books or notebooks.

I wonder whether he loves me or not.

I can’t make up my mind (= decide: quyết định) whether I should buy some new summer clothes now or wait until the prices go down.

I can’t make up my mind whether to buy some new summer clothes now or wait until the prices go down.

No sooner / Hardly + had + S + PII than / when + clause

No sooner had I put the phone down than he rang back. (Tôi vừa đặt điện thoại xuống thì anh ta gọi lại.)

3. Bài tập vận dụng (Chữa trong video):
4. I saw him leaving an hour …. two ago. (or)
5. This is an expensive … very useful book (but)
6. Walk quickly … you will be punished. (or)
7. Would you like coffee … tea (or) Kết hợp 2 câu làm 1:
8. We know him. We know his friends. à We know him and his friend.
9. It is stupid to do that. It is quite unecessary. à It is stupid and quite unecessary to do that.
10. Your arguments are strong. They don’t convince me. à Your arguments are strong but they don’t convince me.
11. You can go there by bus. You can go there by train. à You can go there by bus or by train.

à You can go there either by bus or by train.

3. Bài tập

Exercise 1. Choose among or / and / so / but to complete these sentences.

1. I’m going to go shopping on Sunday ………buy some new clothes.
2. I’ve just eaten dinner …… I’m not hungry.
3. Why don’t you ring Sue …….. find out what time she’s coming over tonight?
4. Don’t tell John about his birthday party ….. you’ll spoil the surprise.
5. I have been saving my money this year …… next year I plan to take a long holiday in Europe.
6. Secretary to Boss: Do you want anything else ….. can I go home now?
7. I love to travel …… I hate travelling by bus.
8. I’m bored! Let’s go out to dinner….. see a movie.
9. I like living in the city ……… my brother prefers living in the country.
10. Betty’s just got a promotion at work ……. she’s very happy.
11. Father to Son: You’re thirty now. Don’t you think it’s time that you settled down …….. got married?
12. Tom got a great Christmas bonus from work this year ……. he and his family can have a good vacation this year.
13. It’s late. You should go to bed now ……… you’ll be tired tomorrow.
14. The taxi stopped at the train station ……… two men got out of it.
15. I was in the area ……… I thought I’d drop in and say hello.
16. I really hate to have to sell my car ………… I need the money.
17. My friend fell down the stairs …………. sprained his ankle.
18. I won’t be home for Christmas ………….I will be there for New Year’s.
19. Julia was very angry with Tom ………. she went for a long walk to cool down.
20. Can you stop at the shop …………get some milk on your way home from work?
21. Are you busy this weekend ……. do you have some free time? I need some help moving to my new house.
22. You’ve been working hard in the garden all day. Why don’t you sit down I’ll bring you a nice cold drink.
23. Nobody was home when I rang Jenny ……… I left a message for her.
24. I’ve been dieting ……….. I’m not losing any weight.
25. Will you eat that last chocolate biscuit ………. will you leave it for me?
26. It’s raining. Wear your raincoat ………… you don’t get wet.
27. I’m sorry I missed your birthday party Alan, my car broke down ……… it took me hours to walk to a phone.
28. Bill graduated first in his class at University ………. his parents bought him a new car.
29. We left very early this morning for our holiday here was still a traffic jam on the freeway.
30. I had a very boring weekend, I just sat around the house ………. did nothing.
31. Can I help you with that ………… are you all right?
32. Would you rather stay home tonight ……….. would you rather go out?
33. John may have built this house by himself …………… he hired an architect to design it.
34. Is this seat already taken ………..can I sit there?
35. Your sister rang today ………… she didn’t leave a message.
36. You had better hurry …………… you’ll be late for work.

 

 

Exercise 2. Rewrite the sentences using the paired conjunctions given in brackets.

Make any necessary changes. DO NOT USE ANY PUNCTUATION MARKS!

Example:

Tom doesn’t lie to his friends. Paul doesn’t either. (neither…nor) Neither Tom nor Paul lie to their friends.

 

1. Fred likes helping his friends. So does Linda. (both…and)
2. Harry used to date Ann. Or was it Helen? (either…or)
3. We should learn to accept our weaknesses and our strengths. (not only…but also)
4. He never listens to or advises his friends when they have a problem. (neither…nor)
5. I’ve betrayed your trust. I’ve betrayed your love for me. (not only…but also)
6. He felt disappointed. He felt misunderstood. (both…and)
7. Brian isn’t very considerate. Neither is Tom. (neither…nor)
8. A true friend is someone who is caring and loving. (both…and)
9. Rachel should apologise or leave. (either…or)
10. Richard and John didn’t keep her secret. (neither…nor)

 

Exercise 3. Choose the most meaningful option.

 

1. Who wrote you this love letter? – I’m not sure. I think it was ___ Michael ___ Paul.
   1. ..and   b. either…or                 c. neither…nor             d. not…only
2. ___ Linda ___ Helen called to say sorry. I’m very sad and frustrated.
   1. ..and   b. either…or                 c. neither…nor             d. not only…but also
3. ___ Ryan ___ Susie have disappointed me. They didn’t come to my birthday party.
   1. ..and   b. either…or                 c. neither…nor             d. not only…but also
4. Paul has been neglecting us. He ___ calls ___ hangs out with us anymore.
   1. ..and   b. either…or                 c. neither…nor             d. not only…but also
5. He hurt ___ her feelings ___ her dignity. This is unforgivable.
   1. not only…but also b. either…or neither…nor
6. ___ loyalty ___ honesty are essential in a friendship.
   1. ..and   b. either…or                 c. neither…nor
7. You should ___ disrespect ___ deceive your friends.
   1. ..and   b. either…or                 c. neither…nor             d. not only…but also
8. I will take you ___ to the cinema ___ to the theatre. That’s a promise.
   1. ..and   b. either…or                 c. neither…nor             d. not only…but also

 

KEY

 

Exercise 1.

1. and 2.  so               3. and              4. or                5. and              6. or                 7. but
2. and 9. but              10. so              11. and            12. so              13. or              14.  and
3. so 16. but            17. and            18. but            19. so              20. and            21. or
4. and 23. so             24. but             25. or              26. so              27. and            28. so
5. but 30. and            31. or              32. or              33. but             34. or               35. but
6. or

 

Exercise 2.

1. Both Fred and Linda like helping their friends
2. Harry used to date either Ann or Helen
3. We should learn to accept not only our weaknesses but also our strengths
4. He neither listens to nor advises his friends when they have a problem
5. I’ve betrayed not only your trust but also your love for me
6. He felt both disappointed and misunderstood
7. Neither Brian nor Tom is very considerate
8. A true friend is someone who is both caring and loving
9. Rachel should either apologise or leave
10. Neither Richard nor John kept her secret

 

Exercise 3.

1. either … or 2. neither … nor                     3. both … and             4. neither … nor
2. not only … but also 6. both … and                       7. neither … nor         8. either … or

Cùng thực hành bài tâp và ghi chú đầy đủ để nhớ kỹ phần kiến thức này nhé các em.

Chúc các em học tốt!

Edit: Linh Trần