Bài 16 Câu Điều Kiện (P1)
Type 0: Cấu trúc câu điều kiện loại 0 dùng để diễn đạt những sự thật tổng quan, những dữ kiện khoa học luôn luôn xảy ra với một điều kiện nhất định.
| If clause | Main clause |
| Simple present | Simple present
Câu mệnh lệnh |
If you heat ice, it turns into water.
If there is a shortage of any product, prices of that product go up.
If he comes, call me = call me if he comes.
Type 1: Câu điều kiện có thể xảy ra ở hiện tại hoặc tương lai
| If clause | Main clause |
| Simple present | Simple future |
If he runs, he will het there on time.
The cat will scratch you if you pull her tail.
- Dạng đặc biệt/ biến thể
| If clause | Main clause | Use | Example |
| Simple present | May/might
Can/may Must/should |
Khả năng
Cho phép Khuyên bảo |
If the fog gets thicker, the plane may be diverted.
If you finish your homework, you can go out If you want to lose weight, you must eat less bread |
| Present continuous | Simple future
|
Nhấn mạnh hđ đang diễn ra ở hiện tại | Nhấn mạnh hđ đang diễn ra ở hiện tại. |
| Present Perfect | Simple future
May/might |
Nhấn mạnh hành động đã kết thúc/hoàn thành trước 1 Hđ khác | If you have finished, you may go out |
Type 2:Câu điều kiện không có thật ở hiện tại
| If clause | Main clause |
| Simple Past -> (to be were) | Would/could/should/may/might + Inf |
– Fact: I don’t have a map (HT)
o If I had a map, I would lend it to you.
– If someone tried to blackmail me, I’d call the police.
– If I were you, I’d plant around the house (I’m not you)
= Were I you, I’d plant around the house
= If I were in your shoes, I’d plant around the house
– If I lived near my office, I’d be in time for work. (I don’t live near my office)
= If I were to live near my office, I’d be in time for work.
= Were he to live near his office, I’d be in time for work.
Type 3: Câu điều kiện không có thật trong quá khứ
| If clause | Main clause |
| Past perfect | Would/ could/ might/ should + have + P.P |
Fact: He helped me (QK), I won the prize.
If he hadn’t helped me, I wouldn’t have won the prize.
If we had found him earlier, we might have saved him.
If I had worked harder last year, I could have passed the exam.
CHÚ Ý:
- Đảo ngữ câu ĐK3
If you had obeyed orders, the disaster wouldn’t have happened
- Had you obeyed orders, the disaster wouldn’t have happened
If he hadn’t helped me, I couldn’t pass the exam
- Had he not helped me, I couldn’t pass the exam
- Câu ĐK trộn
| If clause | Main clause | Example |
| Simple Past (II)
Past Perfect (III) |
would / could / might/should + have + P.P (III)
Would + inf (II) |
If I knew my mother was coming to see me, I’d have prepared more food
If I had caught that plane last night, I would be dead now. |
BÀI TẬP
Choose the best option to complete each of the following sentences
- If I ______ the bus this afternoon, I will get a taxi instead.
- miss B. will miss C. missed D. had missed
- `We’ll have to go without John if he ______ soon.
- won’t arrive B. will arrive C. arrives D. doesn’t arrive
- If you ______ your homework, I _____ you watch TV.
- won’t do/ let B. did/ won’t let
- don’t do/ won’t let D. won’t do/ don’t let
- If you _____ this switch, the computer _____ on.
- press/ comes B. will press/ comes
- press/ can come D. have pressed/ will comes
- “Would you like some cake?”- “no thanks. If I ________ cake, I ______ fat.”
- ate/ will get B. ate/ would get
- would eat/could get D. am eating/ will get
- Pam broke her arm in the accident. It____ much worse if she hadn’t been wearing her seat belt.
- will be B. would have been C. was D. were
- “My boss made me work overtime again.”_ “if I _____ you, I _____ my job.”
- were/ would have quit B. am/ will quit
- was/ must quit D. were/ would quit
- “I don’t know whether to take that job or not”- “_____ you, I _____ it. ”
- if I had been/ would have taken B. should I be/ will take
- if I were/would have taken D. I were/ would take
- If you _____ me about the bad service, we’d have eaten there.
- didn’t tell B. wouldn’t have told
- hadn’t told D. had told
- The teacher was absent today, so class was canceled. If she _____ absent again tomorrow, class____ tomorrow, too.
- is/ will cancel B. is/ will be canceled
- was/ would be canceled D. was/ would cancel
- If he ____ me, I’ll be ready to help him.
- ask B. will ask
- asks D. to ask
- When winter comes, I ____ a new coat.
- buying B. buy
- will buy D. buys
- What would Tom do if he ____ the truth?
- would know B. has know
- knows D. knew
- If I ____ you, I wouldn’t do that.
- be B. were C. was D. had been
- If I had been absent from class yesterday, I____ the math test
- would missed B. would have missed
- will miss D. miss
- If I _____ a millionaire, I ______ a Civic Honda.
- am/ will buy B. was/ would buy
- was/ would have bought D. were/ would buy
- “ Here is my phone number”- “thanks, I _______ you a call if I _____ some help.”
- will give/ will need B. would give/ needed
- will give/ need D. give/ need
- If I _____ wings, I _____ take an airplane to fly home.
- have/ won’t have to B. had/ wouldn’t have to
- have/ will have to D. had/ didn’t have to
- I think you should stop smoking.
- if I am you, I will stop smoking. B. if I were you, I will stop smoking.
- if I were you, I would stop smoking. D. if I had been you, I would stop smoking.
- We did not visit the museum because we had no time.
- If we have time, we will visit the museum.
- If we had time, we would visit the museum.
- If we had had time, we would have visited the museum.
- If we had had time, we will visit the museum.
- ______You work harder, you will be sacked.
- Whether B. If C. However D. Unless
- Unless you _____ quiet, I’ll scream.
- don’t keep B. keep C. kept D. didn’t keep
- I won’t wake unless I ______ the alarm.
- don’t hear B. heard C. hear D. didn’t hear
- ______, he would have been able to pass the exam.
- If he studied more B. If he were studying more
- studying more D. If he had studied more
- If I had had some more money, I _______ that book.
- Would buy B. will buy C. would have bought D. all are correct
- ______ if I take a map.
- I will get lost B. I will not get lost
- I would get lost D. I would not get lost
- If cauliflowers ______ from extreme temperatures, the heads get discolored.
- will not be protected B. are not protected
- were not protected D. are not being protected
- ______ I have time, I will go with you,
- If B. Unless C. So D. So that
- If you had told me that this was going to happen, I ___ it.
- would never have believed B. don’t believe
- hadn’t believed D. can’t believe
- If Jake ___ to go on the trip, would you have gone?
- doesn’t agree B. didn’t agree
- hadn’t agreed D. wouldn’t agree
- If I ___ as young as you are, I ___ in a boat round the world.
- were- would sail B. would be – would sail
- were- will sail D. would- would sail
- ___he___ hard last year, he would have lost the first prize.
- Hadn’ t – studied B. Had- studied
- Didn’ t study D. If – had studied
- We ___ the game if we’ d had a few more minutes.
- might have won B. won C. had won D. will win
- I ___ William with me if I had known you and he didn’ t get along with each other.
- hadn’ t brought B. didn’ t bring
- wouldn’ t have brought D. won’ t bring
- ___ interested in that subject, I would try to learn more about it.
- Were I B. Should I C. I was D. If I am
- I ___ you sooner had someone told me you were in the hospital.
- would have visited B. visited C. had visited D. visit
- Do you think there would be less conflict in the world if all people ___ the same language?
- spoke B. speak C. had spoken D. will speak
- ____ resigned, we would have been force to sack him.
- Had he not B. Hadn’t he C. He had not D. He not had
- ______, he would have been able to pass the exam.
- If he studied more B. If he were studying more
- studying more D. had he studied more
- Had I had some more money, I _______ that book.
- Would buy B. will buy C. would have bought D. all are correct
